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Many of the stories and motifs are translations from the Pali but others are instead derived from vernacular oral traditions prior to the Pali compositions. Many of the stories and motifs found in the Jtaka such as the Rabbit in the Moon of the aajtaka (Jataka Tales: no.316), 9 are found in numerous other languages and media.įor example, The Monkey and the Crocodile, The Turtle Who Couldnt Stop Talking and The Crab and the Crane that are listed below also famously featured in the Hindu Panchatantra, the Sanskrit niti-shastra that ubiquitously influenced world literature. The commentary gives stories in prose that it claims provide the context for the verses, and it is these stories that are of interest to folklorists.Īlternative versions of some of the stories can be found in another book of the Pali Canon, the Cariyapitaka, and a number of individual stories can be found scattered around other books of the Canon. Khudda-bodhi-Jataka, Borobudur Contents edit The Theravda Jtakas comprise 547 poems, arranged roughly by an increasing number of verses. The Jtaka-Ml of Arya ura in Sanskrit gives 34 Jtaka stories.Īt the Ajanta Caves, Jtaka scenes are inscribed with quotes from Arya Shura, 6 with script datable to the sixth century.īorobudur contains depictions of all 34 Jatakas from Jataka Mala. Warder, the Jtakas are the precursors to the various legendary biographies of the Buddha, which were composed at later dates.Īlthough many Jtakas were written from an early period, which describe previous lives of the Buddha, very little biographical material about Gautamas own life has been recorded. The Caitikas claimed that their own Jtakas represented the original collection before the Buddhist tradition split into various lineages. The MahsghikaCaitika sects from the ndhra region took the Jtakas as canonical literature and are known to have rejected some of the Theravda Jtakas which dated past the time of King Ashoka.
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History edit The Jtakas are amongst the earliest Buddhist literature, with metrical analysis methods dating their average contents to around the 4th century BCE. The term Jtaka may also refer to a traditional commentary on this book. In Theravada Buddhism, the Jtakas are a textual division of the Pli Canon, included in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka. The future Buddha may appear as a king, an outcast, a god, an elephantbut, in whatever form, he exhibits some virtue that the tale thereby inculcates. The Jtaka tales are a voluminous body of literature native to India concerning the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form. 555 Jathaka Katha Download Vessantara Jataka.
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